For many people who buy steel buildings,
one of the deciding factors is that each metal building is custom
engineered to meet all the building codes and safety standards of the
region in which it will be erected. Have you ever thought about the
factors that engineers must consider when developing the designs for the
steel buildings they create? Here’s a brief overview of how engineers
design steel buildings that will be stable, sturdy, durable, and, most
important of all, suited for your region.
The Different Types of Loading
Loading
is the most important factor that engineers must consider when creating
a steel building design. Loading is expressed as the amount of weight a
building must be able to support per square foot. Those figures are
modified for each specific region of the country based upon the types of
weather and environmental factors to which the metal building might be
subjected. There are four types of loads for which steel buildings – and
all other structures – must be engineered. Those loads are dead load,
live load, snow load and wind load.
Dead Load: Can Your Steel Building Support Itself?
For
starters, steel buildings must be able to support their own weight –
the weight of all the steel and other materials that make up your
building. Typically, steel buildings are engineered to support about 2.5
lbs. per sq. ft. in dead load.
Live Load: Will the Steel Building Support Your Weight?
The
technical definition of live load is “temporary forces applied to a
building.” In non-tech speak, that means the weight of anything that
exerts any force on the building at all. It includes the weight of
people walking around on it, the weight of rain falling on it and even
debris that might drop onto the building from above. The industry
standard live load for steel buildings is 20 lbs. per sq. ft.
Snow Load: Oh, the Weather Outside Is Frightful…
Snow
might be technically temporary, but it’s treated differently than other
types of live loads because it behaves differently. Among other things,
it is a little less temporary than, say, rain that runs off the roof.
In addition, it accumulates and can build up differently at different
areas on the roof so that the pressure it exerts on the steel building
is not at all uniform. In some regions, snow load is not really
considered. In others, it’s of vital importance. Because the likelihood
and severity of snow
differs so widely from one region to the next, there is no standard for
snow load for steel buildings. That’s one of the figures you’ll have to
get from your local building codes office so the manufacturer can
engineer the building to the correct specifications.
Wind Load: Steel Buildings Swaying in the Breeze?
The
single most important external load that engineers must account for is
wind load. The wind affects every single part of a building – often in
unexpected ways. The effect of the wind on a steel building can change
depending on nearly every design factor, including height, location and
number of framed openings – doors and windows – and even the position of
the building. Like snow load, every area has its own building codes
that must be followed, so there is no standard wind load for steel
buildings. If you want your building to be approved by your local code
office, however, you’ll have make sure that the steel building manufacturer has the right wind load standard for your area.
In
addition to these load-bearing standards, your local code office may
also have other requirements and restrictions on steel buildings in your
town. Always be sure that you check with your code and building office
before placing your order.